    //  Cin makes use of the stream extraction operator, >>, to accept
    //  input from the input stream buffer, placing it into a memory
    //  location that is referenced by the identifier (variable name)
    //  placed after the stream extraction operator. The basic format
    //  looks like this in your code:

    int a;
    double x;
    char ch;
    string str;

    cin >> a;

    cin >> x;

    cin >> ch;

    cin >> str;

    //  A cout is always used to prompt users of your program to enter
    //  the appropriate data. Thus, every cin above should be preceded
    //  by a cout, like this:

    cout << "Enter an integer here:  " << endl;
    cin >> a;

    //  More than one input can be accomplished by a cin statement. In
    //  such a case, the user prompt should include explicit instructions
    //  as to the type and order of the inputs. For instance, in the
    //  following code,

    cout << "Enter an integer value, followed by a space,"
    	<< "then a double value. Be sure to press <ENTER>.  ";
    cin >> a >> x;

    //  Without explicit instructions, your user might enter the values
    //  with no space between. this would result in values like, perhaps,
    //  46 and 57.9 to become 4,657 and 0.9 as placed into a and x
    //  respectively, instead of the intended values.