dpkg-buildpackage(1)

NAME
dpkg-buildpackage - build binary or source packages from sources

SYNOPSIS
dpkg-buildpackage [option...]

DESCRIPTION
dpkg-buildpackage is a program that automates the process of building a Debian package. It consists of the following steps:

1.  It prepares the build environment by setting various environment variables (see ENVIRONMENT), runs the init hook, and calls dpkg-source --before-build (unless -T or --target has been used).

2.  It checks that the build-dependencies and build-conflicts are satisfied (unless -d is specified).

3.  If a specific target has been selected with the -T or --target option, it calls that target and stops here. Otherwise it runs the preclean hook and calls fakeroot debian/rules clean to clean the build-tree (unless -nc is specified).

4.  It runs the source hook and calls dpkg-source -b to generate the source package (if a source build has been requested with --build or equivalent options).

5.  It runs the build hook and calls debian/rules build-target, then runs the binary hook followed by fakeroot debian/rules binary-target (unless a source-only build has been requested with --build=source or equivalent options). Note that build-target and binary-target are either build and binary (default case, or if an any and all build has been requested with --build or equivalent options), or build-arch and binary-arch (if an any and not all build has been requested with --build or equivalent options), or build-indep and binary-indep (if an all and not any build has been requested with --build or equivalent options).

6.  It runs the changes hook and calls dpkg-genchanges to generate a .changes file. Many dpkg-buildpackage options are forwarded to dpkg-genchanges.

7.  It runs the postclean hook and if -tc is specified, it will call fakeroot debian/rules clean again.

8.  It calls dpkg-source --after-build.

9.  It runs the check hook and calls a package checker for the .changes file (if a command is specified in DEB_CHECK_COMMAND or with --check-command).

10. It runs the sign hook and calls gpg2 or gpg to sign the .dsc file (if any, unless -us is specified or on UNRELEASED builds), and the .changes file (unless -uc is specified or on UNRELEASED builds).

11. It runs the done hook.

OPTIONS

--build=type
    Specifies the build type from a comma-separated list of components (since dpkg 1.18.5). Passed to dpkg-genchanges. The allowed values are:

    source
        Builds the source package. Note: when using this value standalone and if what you want is simply to (re-)build the source package, using dpkg-source is always better as it does not require any build dependencies to be installed to be able to call the clean target.

    any Builds the architecture specific binary packages.

    all Builds the architecture independent binary packages.

    binary
        Builds the architecture specific and independent binary packages. This is an alias for any,all.

    full
        Builds everything. This is an alias for source,any,all, and the same as the default case when no build option is specified.

-g  Equivalent to --build=source,all (since dpkg 1.17.11).

-G  Equivalent to --build=source,any (since dpkg 1.17.11).

-b  Equivalent to --build=binary or --build=any,all.

-B  Equivalent to --build=any.

-A  Equivalent to --build=all.

-S  Equivalent to --build=source.

-F  Equivalent to --build=full, --build=source,binary or --build=source,any,all since dpkg 1.15.8).

--target=target
--target target
-Ttarget
    Calls debian/rules target after having setup the build environment and stops the package build process here (since dpkg 1.15.0). If --as-root is also given, then the command is executed as root (see -r). Note that known targets that are required to be run as root do not need this option (i.e. the clean, binary, binary-arch and binary-indep targets).

--as-root
    Only meaningful together with --target (since dpkg 1.15.0). Requires that the target be run with root rights.

-si
-sa
-sd
-vversion
-Cchanges-description
-mmaintainer-address
-emaintainer-address
    Passed unchanged to dpkg-genchanges. See its manual page.

-a, --host-arch architecture
    Specify the Debian architecture we build for (long option since dpkg 1.17.17). The architecture of the machine we build on is determined automatically, and is also the default for the host machine.

-t, --host-type gnu-system-type
    Specify the GNU system type we build for (long option since dpkg 1.17.17). It can be used in place of --host-arch or as a complement to override the default GNU system type of the host Debian architecture.

--target-arch architecture
    Specify the Debian architecture the binaries built will build for (since dpkg 1.17.17). The default value is the host machine.

--target-type gnu-system-type
    Specify the GNU system type the binaries built will build for (since dpkg 1.17.17). It can be used in place of --target-arch or as a complement to override the default GNU system type of the target Debian architecture.

-Pprofile[,...]
    Specify the profile(s) we build, as a comma-separated list (since dpkg 1.17.2). The default behavior is to build for no specific profile. Also sets them (as a space separated list) as the DEB_BUILD_PROFILES environment variable which allows, for example, debian/rules files to use this information for conditional builds.

-j[jobs|auto]
    Number of jobs allowed to be run simultaneously, number of jobs matching the number of online processors if auto is specified (since dpkg 1.17.10), or unlimited number if jobs is not specified, equivalent to the make(1) option of the same name (since dpkg 1.14.7). Will add itself to the MAKEFLAGS environment variable, which should cause all subsequent make invocations to inherit the option, thus forcing the parallel setting on the packaging (and possibly the upstream build system if that uses make) regardless of their support for parallel builds, which might cause build failures. Also adds parallel=jobs or parallel to the DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS environment variable which allows debian/rules files to use this information for their own purposes. The -j value will override the parallel=jobs or parallel option in the DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS environment variable. Note that the auto value will get replaced by the actual number of currently active processors, and as such will not get propagated to any child process. If the number of online processors cannot be inferred then the code will fallback to using an unlimited number.

-J[jobs|auto]
    This option (since dpkg 1.18.2) is equivalent to the -j option except that it does not set the MAKEFLAGS environment variable, and as such it is safer to use with any package including those that are not parallel-build safe.

-D  Check build dependencies and conflicts; abort if unsatisfied. This is the default behavior.

-d  Do not check build dependencies and conflicts.

--ignore-builtin-builddeps
    Do not check built-in build dependencies and conflicts (since dpkg 1.18.2). These are the distribution specific implicit build dependencies usually required in a build environment, the so called Build-Essential package set.

-nc Do not clean the source tree. Implies -b if nothing else has been selected among -F, -g, -G, -B, -A or -S. Implies -d with -S (since dpkg 1.18.0).

-tc Clean the source tree (using gain-root-command debian/rules clean) after the package has been built.

-rgain-root-command
    When dpkg-buildpackage needs to execute part of the build process as root, it prefixes the command it executes with gain-root-command if one has been specified. Otherwise, if none has been specified, fakeroot will be used by default, if the command is present. gain-root-command should start with the name of a program on the PATH and will get as arguments the name of the real command to run and the arguments it should take. gain-root-command can include parameters (they must be space-separated) but no shell metacharacters. gain-root-command might typically be fakeroot, sudo, super or really. su is not suitable, since it can only invoke the user's shell with -c instead of passing arguments individually to the command to be run.

-Rrules-file
    Building a Debian package usually involves invoking debian/rules as a command with several standard parameters (since dpkg 1.14.17). With this option it's possible to use another program invocation to build the package (it can include space separated parameters). Alternatively it can be used to execute the standard rules file with another make program (for example by using /usr/local/bin/make -f debian/rules as rules-file).

--check-command=check-command
    Command used to check the .changes file itself and any artifact built referenced in the file (since dpkg 1.17.6). The command should take the .changes pathname as an argument. This command will usually be lintian.

--check-option=opt
    Pass option opt to the check-command specified with DEB_CHECK_COMMAND or --check-command (since dpkg 1.17.6). Can be used multiple times.

--hook-hook-name=hook-command
    Set the specified shell code hook-command as the hook hook-name, which will run at the times specified in the run steps (since dpkg 1.17.6). The hooks will always be executed even if the following action is not performed (except for the binary hook). Note: Hooks can affect the build process, and cause build failures if their commands fail, so watch out for unintended consequences. The current hook-name supported are: init preclean source build binary changes postclean check sign done The hook-command supports the following substitution format string, which will get applied to it before execution:

    %%  A single % character.

    %a  A boolean value (0 or 1), representing whether the following action is being performed.

    %p  The source package name.

    %v  The source package version.

    %s  The source package version (without the epoch).

    %u  The upstream version.

-psign-command
    When dpkg-buildpackage needs to execute GPG to sign a source control (.dsc) file or a .changes file it will run sign-command (searching the PATH if necessary) instead of gpg2 or gpg. sign-command will get all the arguments that gpg2 or gpg would have gotten. sign-command should not contain spaces or any other shell metacharacters.

-kkey-id
    Specify a key-ID to use when signing packages.

-us Do not sign the source package.

-uc Do not sign the .changes file.

--force-sign
    Force the signing of the resulting files (since dpkg 1.17.0), regardless of -us or -uc or other internal heuristics.

-i[regex]
-I[pattern]
-s[nsAkurKUR]
-z, -Z
    Passed unchanged to dpkg-source. See its manual page.

--source-option=opt
    Pass option opt to dpkg-source (since dpkg 1.15.6). Can be used multiple times.

--changes-option=opt
    Pass option opt to dpkg-genchanges (since dpkg 1.15.6). Can be used multiple times.

--admindir=dir
--admindir dir
    Change the location of the dpkg database (since dpkg 1.14.0). The default location is /var/lib/dpkg.

-?, --help
    Show the usage message and exit.

--version
    Show the version and exit.

ENVIRONMENT

DEB_CHECK_COMMAND
    If set, it will be used as the command to check the .changes file (since dpkg 1.17.6). Overridden by the --check-command option.

DEB_SIGN_KEYID
    If set, it will be used to sign the .changes and .dsc files (since dpkg 1.17.2). Overridden by the -k option.

DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS
    If set, and containing nocheck the DEB_CHECK_COMMAND variable will be ignored.

DEB_BUILD_PROFILES
    If set, it will be used as the active build profile(s) for the package being built (since dpkg 1.17.2). It is a space separated list of profile names. Overridden by the -P option.

DPKG_COLORS
    Sets the color mode (since dpkg 1.18.5). The currently accepted values are: auto, always and never (default).

  Reliance on exported environment flags
Even if dpkg-buildpackage exports some variables, debian/rules should not rely on their presence and should instead use the respective interface to retrieve the needed values.

  Variables set by dpkg-architecture
dpkg-architecture is called with the -a and -t parameters forwarded. Any variable that is output by its -s option is integrated in the build environment.

NOTES

  Compiler flags are no longer exported
Between dpkg 1.14.17 and 1.16.1, dpkg-buildpackage exported compiler flags (CFLAGS, CXXFLAGS, FFLAGS, CPPFLAGS and LDFLAGS) with values as returned by dpkg-buildflags. This is no longer the case.

  Default build targets
dpkg-buildpackage is using the build-arch and build-indep targets since dpkg 1.16.2. Those targets are thus mandatory. But to avoid breakages of existing packages, and ease the transition, it will fallback to using the build target if make -f debian/rules -qn build-target returns 2 as exit code.

BUGS
It should be possible to specify spaces and shell metacharacters and initial arguments for gain-root-command and sign-command.

SEE ALSO
dpkg-source(1), dpkg-architecture(1), dpkg-buildflags(1), dpkg-genchanges(1), fakeroot(1), lintian(1), gpg2(1), gpg(1).