wxWidgets FAQ: Questions common to all platforms

See also top-level FAQ page.

### List of questions in this category

- Who deletes all the windows I create?
- How to create and use custom events?
- How can I set the TAB order of the controls?
- What is the difference between `_T()`, `wxT()` and `_()`?
- Why doesn't `Esc` close my dialog?
- How can I get rid of message boxes with error messages?
- How can I retrieve the path containing my executable?
- Printf(str) works perfectly under Windows but crashes under Unix, why?
- XRC can't display non-ASCII characters correctly

### Who deletes all the windows I create?

All windows and controls in wxWidgets programs are created using `new` but you shouldn't use `delete` to free them. This doesn't result in memory leaks because wxWidgets takes care of this: all objects derived from wxWindow will be deleted automatically by the library when the corresponding real, on screen, window is destroyed. Thus, the top level window objects are deleted when you call `Close()` or `Destroy()` and all the child windows are deleted just before the parent window is. More details about the top level windows can be found in the ``Window deletion overview'' in the manual.

wxWidgets also automatically deletes some other kind of the objects, notably the sizer or constraint associated with the window -- this happens just before the window itself is deleted. The sizers, in turn, delete their child sizers automatically as well so in a typical situation you don't have to worry about freeing the sizers you create. Note, however, that if you `Remove()` a sizer from the window, it isn't automatically deleted any more and you are responsable for doing this.

### How to create and use custom events?

Please look at the `event` wxWidgets sample source code, it shows how to do this among other things. Note that the way custom events are defined has changed in wxWidgets 2.3.1 as compared to the previous releases.

### How can I set the TAB order of the controls?

Unfortunately in the current wxWidgets version (2.4.0 as of this writing) this is not possible: the TAB order of the control (that is, the order in which the controls gain focus when the user repeatedly presses the `<TAB>` key) is fixed and is the same as the order of the controls creation.

Changing this should become possible in future versions of wxWidgets as soon as we come up with a nice API for this feature.

### What is the difference between `_T()`, `wxT()` and `_()`?

First of all, `_T()` is exactly the same as `wxT()` (it exists only because it should be more familiar to Windows programmers) which reduces the problem of choosing among the macros to use somewhat.

Here is some pseudo-code for choosing the macro to use between the remaining possibilities, that is whether to use `wxT()`, use `_()` or not use any of them:

            if ( string should be translated )
                    use _("string")
            else if ( string should be in Unicode in Unicode build )
                    use wxT("string")
            else
                    just use "string" normally

Note that if you don't care about Unicode at all, you don't have to use `wxT()` at all. On the contrary, if you do, note that `_()` takes care of it internally so if you use it your code will compile in both the ANSI and Unicode builds.

Please see the description of these macros in the manual for more details.

### Why doesn't `Esc` close my dialog?

Pressing `Esc` will close the dialog if and only if it has a button with `wxID_CANCEL` id.

### How can I get rid of message boxes with error messages?

These message boxes are probably due to calls to `wxLogError()` or other log functions from wxWidgets code. To completely suppress them you may use wxLogNull class, please see the manual for details. Do note, however, that a better solution is to avoid the error in the first place as suppressing these error message might hide other, important, ones.

### How can I retrieve the path containing my executable?

This topic is covered in the technical note Writing installers.

### Printf(str) works perfectly under Windows but crashes under Unix, why?

The following code:

    wxString str;
    str.Printf(wxT("My string is %s"), wxString("whatever"));

does not work. Unfortunately, it may seem to work fine under Windows because of a compiler quirk there but passing a wxString object to a function taking a variable number of arguments such as `Printf()` is undefined behaviour in C++. Accordingly, it will simply crash under most platforms but may even "work" on some of them.

You must use `c_str()` to make the above code work, i.e. write this instead:

    wxString str;
    str.Printf(wxT("My string is %s"), wxString("whatever").c_str());

Note that g++ should give you an error when passing an object to a vararg function like this -- another reason to compile your code with g++ even if you normally use another compiler.

### XRC can't display non-ASCII characters correctly

If you use the wxXRC_USE_LOCALE flag (which is on by default), strings from XRC files are translated using wxLocale. wxLocale assumes the strings are in ASCII - if the are not, wxXmlResource leaves them in UTF-8 encoding in ANSI build of wxWidgets. Either don't use `wxXRC_USE_LOCALE` or use `translate="0"` attribute in XRC files. More details can be found here or here.