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## weka.core
Class Instances

    java.lang.Object
      weka.core.Instances

All Implemented Interfaces:
  java.io.Serializable

Direct Known Subclasses:
  IndividualInstances, ReferenceInstances

    public class Instances

extends java.lang.Object
implements java.io.Serializable

Class for handling an ordered set of weighted instances.

Typical usage (code from the main() method of this class):

`...
// Read all the instances in the file
reader = new FileReader(filename);
instances = new Instances(reader);
// Make the last attribute be the class
instances.setClassIndex(instances.numAttributes() - 1);
// Print header and instances.
System.out.println("\nDataset:\n");
System.out.println(instances);
...
`

All methods that change a set of instances are safe, ie. a change of a set of instances does not affect any other sets of instances. All methods that change a datasets's attribute information clone the dataset before it is changed.

Version:
  $Revision: 1.58.2.6 $
Author:
  Eibe Frank (eibe@cs.waikato.ac.nz), Len Trigg (trigg@cs.waikato.ac.nz)
See Also:
  Serialized Form

Field Summary
`static java.lang.String` | `FILE_EXTENSION` The filename extension that should be used for arff files
`static java.lang.String` | `SERIALIZED_OBJ_FILE_EXTENSION` The filename extension that should be used for bin.

Constructor Summary
`Instances(Instances dataset)` Constructor copying all instances and references to the header information from the given set of instances.
`Instances(Instances dataset, int capacity)` Constructor creating an empty set of instances.
`Instances(Instances source, int first, int toCopy)` Creates a new set of instances by copying a subset of another set.
`Instances(java.io.Reader reader)` Reads an ARFF file from a reader, and assigns a weight of one to each instance.
`Instances(java.io.Reader reader, int capacity)` Reads the header of an ARFF file from a reader and reserves space for the given number of instances.
`Instances(java.lang.String name, FastVector attInfo, int capacity)` Creates an empty set of instances.

Method Summary
`void` | `add(Instance instance)` Adds one instance to the end of the set.
`Attribute` | `attribute(int index)` Returns an attribute.
`Attribute` | `attribute(java.lang.String name)` Returns an attribute given its name.
`AttributeStats` | `attributeStats(int index)` Calculates summary statistics on the values that appear in this set of instances for a specified attribute.
`double[]` | `attributeToDoubleArray(int index)` Gets the value of all instances in this dataset for a particular attribute.
`boolean` | `checkForStringAttributes()` Checks for string attributes in the dataset
`boolean` | `checkInstance(Instance instance)` Checks if the given instance is compatible with this dataset.
`Attribute` | `classAttribute()` Returns the class attribute.
`int` | `classIndex()` Returns the class attribute's index.
`void` | `compactify()` Compactifies the set of instances.
`void` | `delete()` Removes all instances from the set.
`void` | `delete(int index)` Removes an instance at the given position from the set.
`void` | `deleteAttributeAt(int position)` Deletes an attribute at the given position (0 to numAttributes() - 1).
`void` | `deleteStringAttributes()` Deletes all string attributes in the dataset.
`void` | `deleteWithMissing(Attribute att)` Removes all instances with missing values for a particular attribute from the dataset.
`void` | `deleteWithMissing(int attIndex)` Removes all instances with missing values for a particular attribute from the dataset.
`void` | `deleteWithMissingClass()` Removes all instances with a missing class value from the dataset.
`java.util.Enumeration` | `enumerateAttributes()` Returns an enumeration of all the attributes.
`java.util.Enumeration` | `enumerateInstances()` Returns an enumeration of all instances in the dataset.
`boolean` | `equalHeaders(Instances dataset)` Checks if two headers are equivalent.
`Instance` | `firstInstance()` Returns the first instance in the set.
`java.util.Random` | `getRandomNumberGenerator(long seed)` Returns a random number generator.
`void` | `insertAttributeAt(Attribute att, int position)` Inserts an attribute at the given position (0 to numAttributes()) and sets all values to be missing.
`Instance` | `instance(int index)` Returns the instance at the given position.
`double` | `kthSmallestValue(Attribute att, int k)` Returns the kth-smallest attribute value of a numeric attribute.
`double` | `kthSmallestValue(int attIndex, int k)` Returns the kth-smallest attribute value of a numeric attribute.
`Instance` | `lastInstance()` Returns the last instance in the set.
`static void` | `main(java.lang.String[] args)` Main method for this class.
`double` | `meanOrMode(Attribute att)` Returns the mean (mode) for a numeric (nominal) attribute as a floating-point value.
`double` | `meanOrMode(int attIndex)` Returns the mean (mode) for a numeric (nominal) attribute as a floating-point value.
`static Instances` | `mergeInstances(Instances first, Instances second)` Merges two sets of Instances together.
`int` | `numAttributes()` Returns the number of attributes.
`int` | `numClasses()` Returns the number of class labels.
`int` | `numDistinctValues(Attribute att)` Returns the number of distinct values of a given attribute.
`int` | `numDistinctValues(int attIndex)` Returns the number of distinct values of a given attribute.
`int` | `numInstances()` Returns the number of instances in the dataset.
`void` | `randomize(java.util.Random random)` Shuffles the instances in the set so that they are ordered randomly.
`boolean` | `readInstance(java.io.Reader reader)` Reads a single instance from the reader and appends it to the dataset.
`java.lang.String` | `relationName()` Returns the relation's name.
`void` | `renameAttribute(Attribute att, java.lang.String name)` Renames an attribute.
`void` | `renameAttribute(int att, java.lang.String name)` Renames an attribute.
`void` | `renameAttributeValue(Attribute att, java.lang.String val, java.lang.String name)` Renames the value of a nominal (or string) attribute value.
`void` | `renameAttributeValue(int att, int val, java.lang.String name)` Renames the value of a nominal (or string) attribute value.
`Instances` | `resample(java.util.Random random)` Creates a new dataset of the same size using random sampling with replacement.
`Instances` | `resampleWithWeights(java.util.Random random)` Creates a new dataset of the same size using random sampling with replacement according to the current instance weights.
`Instances` | `resampleWithWeights(java.util.Random random, double[] weights)` Creates a new dataset of the same size using random sampling with replacement according to the given weight vector.
`void` | `setClass(Attribute att)` Sets the class attribute.
`void` | `setClassIndex(int classIndex)` Sets the class index of the set.
`void` | `setRelationName(java.lang.String newName)` Sets the relation's name.
`void` | `sort(Attribute att)` Sorts the instances based on an attribute.
`void` | `sort(int attIndex)` Sorts the instances based on an attribute.
`void` | `stratify(int numFolds)` Stratifies a set of instances according to its class values if the class attribute is nominal (so that afterwards a stratified cross-validation can be performed).
`Instances` | `stringFreeStructure()` Create a copy of the structure, but "cleanse" string types (i.e.
`double` | `sumOfWeights()` Computes the sum of all the instances' weights.
`void` | `swap(int i, int j)` Swaps two instances in the set.
`static void` | `test(java.lang.String[] argv)` Method for testing this class.
`Instances` | `testCV(int numFolds, int numFold)` Creates the test set for one fold of a cross-validation on the dataset.
`java.lang.String` | `toString()` Returns the dataset as a string in ARFF format.
`java.lang.String` | `toSummaryString()` Generates a string summarizing the set of instances.
`Instances` | `trainCV(int numFolds, int numFold)` Creates the training set for one fold of a cross-validation on the dataset.
`Instances` | `trainCV(int numFolds, int numFold, java.util.Random random)` Creates the training set for one fold of a cross-validation on the dataset.
`double` | `variance(Attribute att)` Computes the variance for a numeric attribute.
`double` | `variance(int attIndex)` Computes the variance for a numeric attribute.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`equals, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

### FILE_EXTENSION

    public static java.lang.String FILE_EXTENSION

  The filename extension that should be used for arff files

### SERIALIZED_OBJ_FILE_EXTENSION

    public static java.lang.String SERIALIZED_OBJ_FILE_EXTENSION

  The filename extension that should be used for bin. serialized instances files

Constructor Detail

### Instances

    public Instances(java.io.Reader reader)
              throws java.io.IOException

  Reads an ARFF file from a reader, and assigns a weight of one to each instance. Lets the index of the class attribute be undefined (negative).

  Parameters:
    `reader` - the reader
  Throws:
    `java.io.IOException` - if the ARFF file is not read successfully

### Instances

    public Instances(java.io.Reader reader,
                     int capacity)
              throws java.io.IOException

  Reads the header of an ARFF file from a reader and reserves space for the given number of instances. Lets the class index be undefined (negative).

  Parameters:
    `reader` - the reader
    `capacity` - the capacity
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the header is not read successfully or the capacity is negative.
    `java.io.IOException` - if there is a problem with the reader.

### Instances

    public Instances(Instances dataset)

  Constructor copying all instances and references to the header information from the given set of instances.

  Parameters:
    `instances` - the set to be copied

### Instances

    public Instances(Instances dataset,
                     int capacity)

  Constructor creating an empty set of instances. Copies references to the header information from the given set of instances. Sets the capacity of the set of instances to 0 if its negative.

  Parameters:
    `instances` - the instances from which the header information is to be taken
    `capacity` - the capacity of the new dataset

### Instances

    public Instances(Instances source,
                     int first,
                     int toCopy)

  Creates a new set of instances by copying a subset of another set.

  Parameters:
    `source` - the set of instances from which a subset is to be created
    `first` - the index of the first instance to be copied
    `toCopy` - the number of instances to be copied
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if first and toCopy are out of range

### Instances

    public Instances(java.lang.String name,
                     FastVector attInfo,
                     int capacity)

  Creates an empty set of instances. Uses the given attribute information. Sets the capacity of the set of instances to 0 if its negative. Given attribute information must not be changed after this constructor has been used.

  Parameters:
    `name` - the name of the relation
    `attInfo` - the attribute information
    `capacity` - the capacity of the set

Method Detail

### stringFreeStructure

    public Instances stringFreeStructure()

  Create a copy of the structure, but "cleanse" string types (i.e. doesn't contain references to the strings seen in the past).

  Returns:
    a copy of the instance structure.

### add

    public void add(Instance instance)

  Adds one instance to the end of the set. Shallow copies instance before it is added. Increases the size of the dataset if it is not large enough. Does not check if the instance is compatible with the dataset. Note: String values are not transferred.

  Parameters:
    `instance` - the instance to be added

### attribute

    public Attribute attribute(int index)

  Returns an attribute.

  Parameters:
    `index` - the attribute's index
  Returns:
    the attribute at the given position

### attribute

    public Attribute attribute(java.lang.String name)

  Returns an attribute given its name. If there is more than one attribute with the same name, it returns the first one. Returns null if the attribute can't be found.

  Parameters:
    `name` - the attribute's name
  Returns:
    the attribute with the given name, null if the attribute can't be found

### checkForStringAttributes

    public boolean checkForStringAttributes()

  Checks for string attributes in the dataset

  Returns:
    true if string attributes are present, false otherwise

### checkInstance

    public boolean checkInstance(Instance instance)

  Checks if the given instance is compatible with this dataset. Only looks at the size of the instance and the ranges of the values for nominal and string attributes.

  Returns:
    true if the instance is compatible with the dataset

### classAttribute

    public Attribute classAttribute()

  Returns the class attribute.

  Returns:
    the class attribute
  Throws:
    `UnassignedClassException` - if the class is not set

### classIndex

    public int classIndex()

  Returns the class attribute's index. Returns negative number if it's undefined.

  Returns:
    the class index as an integer

### compactify

    public void compactify()

  Compactifies the set of instances. Decreases the capacity of the set so that it matches the number of instances in the set.

### delete

    public void delete()

  Removes all instances from the set.

### delete

    public void delete(int index)

  Removes an instance at the given position from the set.

  Parameters:
    `index` - the instance's position

### deleteAttributeAt

    public void deleteAttributeAt(int position)

  Deletes an attribute at the given position (0 to numAttributes() - 1). A deep copy of the attribute information is performed before the attribute is deleted.

  Parameters:
    `pos` - the attribute's position
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the given index is out of range or the class attribute is being deleted

### deleteStringAttributes

    public void deleteStringAttributes()

  Deletes all string attributes in the dataset. A deep copy of the attribute information is performed before an attribute is deleted.

  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if string attribute couldn't be successfully deleted (probably because it is the class attribute).

### deleteWithMissing

    public void deleteWithMissing(int attIndex)

  Removes all instances with missing values for a particular attribute from the dataset.

  Parameters:
    `attIndex` - the attribute's index

### deleteWithMissing

    public void deleteWithMissing(Attribute att)

  Removes all instances with missing values for a particular attribute from the dataset.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the attribute

### deleteWithMissingClass

    public void deleteWithMissingClass()

  Removes all instances with a missing class value from the dataset.

  Throws:
    `UnassignedClassException` - if class is not set

### enumerateAttributes

    public java.util.Enumeration enumerateAttributes()

  Returns an enumeration of all the attributes.

  Returns:
    enumeration of all the attributes.

### enumerateInstances

    public java.util.Enumeration enumerateInstances()

  Returns an enumeration of all instances in the dataset.

  Returns:
    enumeration of all instances in the dataset

### equalHeaders

    public boolean equalHeaders(Instances dataset)

  Checks if two headers are equivalent.

  Parameters:
    `dataset` - another dataset
  Returns:
    true if the header of the given dataset is equivalent to this header

### firstInstance

    public Instance firstInstance()

  Returns the first instance in the set.

  Returns:
    the first instance in the set

### getRandomNumberGenerator

    public java.util.Random getRandomNumberGenerator(long seed)

  Returns a random number generator. The initial seed of the random number generator depends on the given seed and the hash code of a string representation of a instances chosen based on the given seed.

  Parameters:
    `seed` - the given seed
  Returns:
    the random number generator

### insertAttributeAt

    public void insertAttributeAt(Attribute att,
                                  int position)

  Inserts an attribute at the given position (0 to numAttributes()) and sets all values to be missing. Shallow copies the attribute before it is inserted, and performs a deep copy of the existing attribute information.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the attribute to be inserted
    `pos` - the attribute's position
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the given index is out of range

### instance

    public Instance instance(int index)

  Returns the instance at the given position.

  Parameters:
    `index` - the instance's index
  Returns:
    the instance at the given position

### kthSmallestValue

    public double kthSmallestValue(Attribute att,
                                   int k)

  Returns the kth-smallest attribute value of a numeric attribute. Note that calling this method will change the order of the data!

  Parameters:
    `att` - the Attribute object
    `k` - the value of k
  Returns:
    the kth-smallest value

### kthSmallestValue

    public double kthSmallestValue(int attIndex,
                                   int k)

  Returns the kth-smallest attribute value of a numeric attribute. Note that calling this method will change the order of the data! The number of non-missing values in the data must be as least as last as k for this to work.

  Parameters:
    `attIndex` - the attribute's index
    `k` - the value of k
  Returns:
    the kth-smallest value

### lastInstance

    public Instance lastInstance()

  Returns the last instance in the set.

  Returns:
    the last instance in the set

### meanOrMode

    public double meanOrMode(int attIndex)

  Returns the mean (mode) for a numeric (nominal) attribute as a floating-point value. Returns 0 if the attribute is neither nominal nor numeric. If all values are missing it returns zero.

  Parameters:
    `attIndex` - the attribute's index
  Returns:
    the mean or the mode

### meanOrMode

    public double meanOrMode(Attribute att)

  Returns the mean (mode) for a numeric (nominal) attribute as a floating-point value. Returns 0 if the attribute is neither nominal nor numeric. If all values are missing it returns zero.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the attribute
  Returns:
    the mean or the mode

### numAttributes

    public int numAttributes()

  Returns the number of attributes.

  Returns:
    the number of attributes as an integer

### numClasses

    public int numClasses()

  Returns the number of class labels.

  Returns:
    the number of class labels as an integer if the class attribute is nominal, 1 otherwise.
  Throws:
    `UnassignedClassException` - if the class is not set

### numDistinctValues

    public int numDistinctValues(int attIndex)

  Returns the number of distinct values of a given attribute. Returns the number of instances if the attribute is a string attribute. The value 'missing' is not counted.

  Parameters:
    `attIndex` - the attribute
  Returns:
    the number of distinct values of a given attribute

### numDistinctValues

    public int numDistinctValues(Attribute att)

  Returns the number of distinct values of a given attribute. Returns the number of instances if the attribute is a string attribute. The value 'missing' is not counted.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the attribute
  Returns:
    the number of distinct values of a given attribute

### numInstances

    public int numInstances()

  Returns the number of instances in the dataset.

  Returns:
    the number of instances in the dataset as an integer

### randomize

    public void randomize(java.util.Random random)

  Shuffles the instances in the set so that they are ordered randomly.

  Parameters:
    `random` - a random number generator

### readInstance

    public boolean readInstance(java.io.Reader reader)
                         throws java.io.IOException

  Reads a single instance from the reader and appends it to the dataset. Automatically expands the dataset if it is not large enough to hold the instance. This method does not check for carriage return at the end of the line.

  Parameters:
    `reader` - the reader
  Returns:
    false if end of file has been reached
  Throws:
    `java.io.IOException` - if the information is not read successfully

### relationName

    public java.lang.String relationName()

  Returns the relation's name.

  Returns:
    the relation's name as a string

### renameAttribute

    public void renameAttribute(int att,
                                java.lang.String name)

  Renames an attribute. This change only affects this dataset.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the attribute's index
    `name` - the new name

### renameAttribute

    public void renameAttribute(Attribute att,
                                java.lang.String name)

  Renames an attribute. This change only affects this dataset.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the attribute
    `name` - the new name

### renameAttributeValue

    public void renameAttributeValue(int att,
                                     int val,
                                     java.lang.String name)

  Renames the value of a nominal (or string) attribute value. This change only affects this dataset.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the attribute's index
    `val` - the value's index
    `name` - the new name

### renameAttributeValue

    public void renameAttributeValue(Attribute att,
                                     java.lang.String val,
                                     java.lang.String name)

  Renames the value of a nominal (or string) attribute value. This change only affects this dataset.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the attribute
    `val` - the value
    `name` - the new name

### resample

    public Instances resample(java.util.Random random)

  Creates a new dataset of the same size using random sampling with replacement.

  Parameters:
    `random` - a random number generator
  Returns:
    the new dataset

### resampleWithWeights

    public Instances resampleWithWeights(java.util.Random random)

  Creates a new dataset of the same size using random sampling with replacement according to the current instance weights. The weights of the instances in the new dataset are set to one.

  Parameters:
    `random` - a random number generator
  Returns:
    the new dataset

### resampleWithWeights

    public Instances resampleWithWeights(java.util.Random random,
                                         double[] weights)

  Creates a new dataset of the same size using random sampling with replacement according to the given weight vector. The weights of the instances in the new dataset are set to one. The length of the weight vector has to be the same as the number of instances in the dataset, and all weights have to be positive.

  Parameters:
    `random` - a random number generator
    `weights` - the weight vector
  Returns:
    the new dataset
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the weights array is of the wrong length or contains negative weights.

### setClass

    public void setClass(Attribute att)

  Sets the class attribute.

  Parameters:
    `att` - attribute to be the class

### setClassIndex

    public void setClassIndex(int classIndex)

  Sets the class index of the set. If the class index is negative there is assumed to be no class. (ie. it is undefined)

  Parameters:
    `classIndex` - the new class index
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the class index is too big or < 0

### setRelationName

    public void setRelationName(java.lang.String newName)

  Sets the relation's name.

  Parameters:
    `newName` - the new relation name.

### sort

    public void sort(int attIndex)

  Sorts the instances based on an attribute. For numeric attributes, instances are sorted in ascending order. For nominal attributes, instances are sorted based on the attribute label ordering specified in the header. Instances with missing values for the attribute are placed at the end of the dataset.

  Parameters:
    `attIndex` - the attribute's index

### sort

    public void sort(Attribute att)

  Sorts the instances based on an attribute. For numeric attributes, instances are sorted into ascending order. For nominal attributes, instances are sorted based on the attribute label ordering specified in the header. Instances with missing values for the attribute are placed at the end of the dataset.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the attribute

### stratify

    public void stratify(int numFolds)

  Stratifies a set of instances according to its class values if the class attribute is nominal (so that afterwards a stratified cross-validation can be performed).

  Parameters:
    `numFolds` - the number of folds in the cross-validation
  Throws:
    `UnassignedClassException` - if the class is not set

### sumOfWeights

    public double sumOfWeights()

  Computes the sum of all the instances' weights.

  Returns:
    the sum of all the instances' weights as a double

### testCV

    public Instances testCV(int numFolds,
                            int numFold)

  Creates the test set for one fold of a cross-validation on the dataset.

  Parameters:
    `numFolds` - the number of folds in the cross-validation. Must be greater than 1.
    `numFold` - 0 for the first fold, 1 for the second, ...
  Returns:
    the test set as a set of weighted instances
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the number of folds is less than 2 or greater than the number of instances.

### toString

    public java.lang.String toString()

  Returns the dataset as a string in ARFF format. Strings are quoted if they contain whitespace characters, or if they are a question mark.

  Overrides:
    `toString` in class `java.lang.Object`
  Returns:
    the dataset in ARFF format as a string

### trainCV

    public Instances trainCV(int numFolds,
                             int numFold)

  Creates the training set for one fold of a cross-validation on the dataset.

  Parameters:
    `numFolds` - the number of folds in the cross-validation. Must be greater than 1.
    `numFold` - 0 for the first fold, 1 for the second, ...
  Returns:
    the training set
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the number of folds is less than 2 or greater than the number of instances.

### trainCV

    public Instances trainCV(int numFolds,
                             int numFold,
                             java.util.Random random)

  Creates the training set for one fold of a cross-validation on the dataset. The data is subsequently randomized based on the given random number generator.

  Parameters:
    `numFolds` - the number of folds in the cross-validation. Must be greater than 1.
    `numFold` - 0 for the first fold, 1 for the second, ...
    `random` - the random number generator
  Returns:
    the training set
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the number of folds is less than 2 or greater than the number of instances.

### variance

    public double variance(int attIndex)

  Computes the variance for a numeric attribute.

  Parameters:
    `attIndex` - the numeric attribute
  Returns:
    the variance if the attribute is numeric
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the attribute is not numeric

### variance

    public double variance(Attribute att)

  Computes the variance for a numeric attribute.

  Parameters:
    `att` - the numeric attribute
  Returns:
    the variance if the attribute is numeric
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the attribute is not numeric

### attributeStats

    public AttributeStats attributeStats(int index)

  Calculates summary statistics on the values that appear in this set of instances for a specified attribute.

  Parameters:
    `index` - the index of the attribute to summarize.
  Returns:
    an AttributeStats object with it's fields calculated.

### attributeToDoubleArray

    public double[] attributeToDoubleArray(int index)

  Gets the value of all instances in this dataset for a particular attribute. Useful in conjunction with Utils.sort to allow iterating through the dataset in sorted order for some attribute.

  Parameters:
    `index` - the index of the attribute.
  Returns:
    an array containing the value of the desired attribute for each instance in the dataset.

### toSummaryString

    public java.lang.String toSummaryString()

  Generates a string summarizing the set of instances. Gives a breakdown for each attribute indicating the number of missing/discrete/unique values and other information.

  Returns:
    a string summarizing the dataset

### swap

    public void swap(int i,
                     int j)

  Swaps two instances in the set.

  Parameters:
    `i` - the first instance's index
    `j` - the second instance's index

### mergeInstances

    public static Instances mergeInstances(Instances first,
                                           Instances second)

  Merges two sets of Instances together. The resulting set will have all the attributes of the first set plus all the attributes of the second set. The number of instances in both sets must be the same.

  Parameters:
    `first` - the first set of Instances
    `second` - the second set of Instances
  Returns:
    the merged set of Instances
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if the datasets are not the same size

### test

    public static void test(java.lang.String[] argv)

  Method for testing this class.

  Parameters:
    `argv` - should contain one element: the name of an ARFF file

### main

    public static void main(java.lang.String[] args)

  Main method for this class. The following calls are possible:
  - `weka.core.Instances` <filename>
    prints a summary of a set of instances.
  - `weka.core.Instances` merge <filename1> <filename2>
    merges the two datasets (must have same number of instances) and outputs the results on stdout.

  Parameters:
    `args` - the commandline parameters

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