  This directory contains scripts to create the server certificates.
To make a set of default (i.e. test) certificates, simply type:

$ ./bootstrap

  The "openssl" command will be run against the sample configuration
files included here, and will make a self-signed certificate authority
(i.e. root CA), and a server certificate.  This "root CA" should be
installed on any client machine needing to do EAP-TLS, PEAP, or
EAP-TTLS.

  The Microsoft "XP Extensions" will be automatically included in the
server certificate.  Without those extensions Windows clients will
refuse to authenticate to FreeRADIUS.

  In general, you should use self-signed certificates for 802.1x (EAP)
authentication.  When you list root CAs from other organizations in
the "CA_file", you permit them to masquerade as you, to authenticate
your users, and to issue client certificates for EAP-TLS.

  If FreeRADIUS was configured to use OpenSSL, then simply starting
the server in root in debugging mode should also create test
certificates, i.e.:

$ radiusd -X

  That will cause the EAP-TLS module to run the "bootstrap" script in
this directory.  The script will be executed only once, the first time
the server has been installed on a particular machine.  This bootstrap
script SHOULD be run on installation of any pre-built binary package
for your OS.  In any case, the script will ensure that it is not run
twice, and that it does not over-write any existing certificates.

  If you already have CA and server certificates, rename (or delete)
this directory, and create a new "certs" directory containing your
certificates.  Note that the "make install" command will NOT
over-write your existing "raddb/certs" directory, which means that the
"bootstrap" command will not be run.


		NEW INSTALLATIONS OF FREERADIUS


  We suggest that new installations use the test certificates for
initial tests, and then create real certificates to use for normal
user authentication.  See the instructions below for how to create the
various certificates.  The old test certificates can be deleted by
running the following command:

$ rm -f *.pem *.der *.csr *.crt *.key *.p12 serial* index.txt*

  Then, follow the instructions below for creating real certificates.

  Once the final certificates have been created, you can delete the
"bootstrap" command from this directory, and delete the
"make_cert_command" configuration from the "tls" sub-section of
eap.conf.

  If you do not want to enable EAP-TLS, PEAP, or EAP-TTLS, then delete
the relevant sub-sections from the "eap.conf" file.


		MAKING A ROOT CERTIFICATE


$ vi ca.cnf

  Edit the "input_password" and "output_password" fields to be the
  password for the CA certificate.

  Edit the [certificate_authority] section to have the correct values
  for your country, state, etc.

$ make ca.pem

  This step creates the CA certificate.

$ make ca.der

  This step creates the DER format of the self-signed certificate,
  which is can be imported into Windows.


		MAKING A SERVER CERTIFICATE


$ vi server.cnf

  Edit the "input_password" and "output_password" fields to be the
  password for the server certificate.

  Edit the [server] section to have the correct values for your
  country, state, etc.  Be sure that the commonName field here is
  different from the commonName for the CA certificate.

$ make server.pem

  This step creates the server certificate.

  If you have an existing certificate authority, and wish to create a
  certificate signing request for the server certificate, edit
  server.cnf as above, and type the following command.

$ make server.csr

  You will have to ensure that the certificate contains the XP
  extensions needed by Microsoft clients.


		MAKING A CLIENT CERTIFICATE


  Client certificates are used by EAP-TLS, and optionally by EAP-TTLS
and PEAP.  The following steps outline how to create a client
certificate that is signed by the server certificate created above.
You will have to have the password for the server certificate in the
"input_password" and "output_password" fields of the server.cnf file.


$ vi client.cnf

  Edit the "input_password" and "output_password" fields to be the
  password for the client certificate.  You will have to give these
  passwords to the end user who will be using the certificates.

  Edit the [client] section to have the correct values for your
  country, state, etc.  Be sure that the commonName field here is
  the User-Name that will be used for logins!

$ make client.pem

  The users certificate will be in "commonName.pem",
  i.e. "user@example.com.pem".

  To create another client certificate, just repeat the steps for
  making a client certificate, being sure to enter a different login
  name for "commonName", and a different password.


		PERFORMANCE


  EAP performance for EAP-TLS, TTLS, and PEAP is dominated by SSL
  calculations.  That is, a normal system can handle PAP
  authentication at a rate of 10k packets/s.  However, SSL involves
  RSA calculations, which are very expensive.  To benchmark your system,
  do:

$ openssl speed rsa

  or

$ openssl speed rsa2048

  to test 2048 bit keys.

  A 1GHz system will likely do 30 calculations/s.  A 2Ghz system may
  do 50 calculations/s, or more.  That number is also the number of
  authentications/s that can be done for EAP-TLS (or TTLS, or PEAP).
