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# 2. Installation

This section describes how to install the CLN package on your system.

2.1 Prerequisites |  |
2.2 Building the library |  |
2.3 Installing the library |  |
2.4 Cleaning up |  |

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## 2.1 Prerequisites

2.1.1 C++ compiler |  |
2.1.2 Make utility |  |
2.1.3 Sed utility |  |

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### 2.1.1 C++ compiler

To build CLN, you need a C++ compiler. Actually, you need GNU `g++ 2.95` or newer.

The following C++ features are used: classes, member functions, overloading of functions and operators, constructors and destructors, inline, const, multiple inheritance, templates and namespaces.

The following C++ features are not used: `new`, `delete`, virtual inheritance, exceptions.

CLN relies on semi-automatic ordering of initializations of static and global variables, a feature which I could implement for GNU g++ only. Also, it is not known whether this semi-automatic ordering works on all platforms when a non-GNU assembler is being used.

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### 2.1.2 Make utility

To build CLN, you also need to have GNU `make` installed.

Only GNU `make` 3.77 is unusable for CLN; other versions work fine.

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### 2.1.3 Sed utility

To build CLN on HP-UX, you also need to have GNU `sed` installed. This is because the libtool script, which creates the CLN library, relies on `sed`, and the vendor's `sed` utility on these systems is too limited.

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## 2.2 Building the library

As with any autoconfiguring GNU software, installation is as easy as this:

    $ ./configure
    $ make
    $ make check

If on your system, ``make`' is not GNU `make`, you have to use ``gmake`' instead of ``make`' above.

The `configure` command checks out some features of your system and C++ compiler and builds the `Makefile`s. The `make` command builds the library. This step may take about an hour on an average workstation. The `make check` runs some test to check that no important subroutine has been miscompiled.

The `configure` command accepts options. To get a summary of them, try

    $ ./configure --help

Some of the options are explained in detail in the ``INSTALL.generic`' file.

You can specify the C compiler, the C++ compiler and their options through the following environment variables when running `configure`:

`CC`
  Specifies the C compiler.

`CFLAGS`
  Flags to be given to the C compiler when compiling programs (not when linking).

`CXX`
  Specifies the C++ compiler.

`CXXFLAGS`
  Flags to be given to the C++ compiler when compiling programs (not when linking).

Examples:

    $ CC="gcc" CFLAGS="-O" CXX="g++" CXXFLAGS="-O" ./configure
    $ CC="gcc -V egcs-2.91.60" CFLAGS="-O -g" \
      CXX="g++ -V egcs-2.91.60" CXXFLAGS="-O -g" ./configure
    $ CC="gcc -V 2.95.2" CFLAGS="-O2 -fno-exceptions" \
      CXX="g++ -V 2.95.2" CFLAGS="-O2 -fno-exceptions" ./configure
    $ CC="gcc -V 3.0.4" CFLAGS="-O2 -finline-limit=1000 -fno-exceptions" \
      CXX="g++ -V 3.0.4" CFLAGS="-O2 -finline-limit=1000 -fno-exceptions" \
      ./configure

Note that for these environment variables to take effect, you have to set them (assuming a Bourne-compatible shell) on the same line as the `configure` command. If you made the settings in earlier shell commands, you have to `export` the environment variables before calling `configure`. In a `csh` shell, you have to use the ``setenv`' command for setting each of the environment variables.

Currently CLN works only with the GNU `g++` compiler, and only in optimizing mode. So you should specify at least `-O` in the CXXFLAGS, or no CXXFLAGS at all. (If CXXFLAGS is not set, CLN will use `-O`.)

If you use `g++` 3.x, I recommend adding ``-finline-limit=1000`' to the CXXFLAGS. This is essential for good code.

If you use `g++` gcc-2.95.x or gcc-3.x , I recommend adding ``-fno-exceptions`' to the CXXFLAGS. This will likely generate better code.

If you use `g++` from gcc-3.0.4 or older on Sparc, add either ``-O`', ``-O1`' or ``-O2 -fno-schedule-insns`' to the CXXFLAGS. With full ``-O2`', `g++` miscompiles the division routines. If you use `g++` older than 2.95.3 on Sparc you should also specify ``--disable-shared`' because of bad code produced in the shared library. Also, do not use gcc-3.0 on Sparc for compiling CLN, it won't work at all.

If you use `g++` on OSF/1 or Tru64 using gcc-2.95.x, you should specify ``--disable-shared`' because of linker problems with duplicate symbols in shared libraries. If you use `g++` from gcc-3.0.n, with n larger than 1, you should not add ``-fno-exceptions`' to the CXXFLAGS, since that will generate wrong code (gcc-3.1 is okay again, as is gcc-3.0).

Also, please do not compile CLN with `g++` using the `-O3` optimization level. This leads to inferior code quality.

If you use `g++` from gcc-3.1, it will need 235 MB of virtual memory. You might need some swap space if your machine doesn't have 512 MB of RAM.

By default, both a shared and a static library are built. You can build CLN as a static (or shared) library only, by calling `configure` with the option ``--disable-shared`' (or ``--disable-static`'). While shared libraries are usually more convenient to use, they may not work on all architectures. Try disabling them if you run into linker problems. Also, they are generally somewhat slower than static libraries so runtime-critical applications should be linked statically.

If you use `g++` from gcc-3.1 with option ``-g`', you will need some disk space: 335 MB for building as both a shared and a static library, or 130 MB when building as a shared library only.

2.2.1 Using the GNU MP Library |  |

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### 2.2.1 Using the GNU MP Library

Starting with version 1.1, CLN may be configured to make use of a preinstalled `gmp` library. Please make sure that you have at least `gmp` version 3.0 installed since earlier versions are unsupported and likely not to work. Enabling this feature by calling `configure` with the option ``--with-gmp`' is known to be quite a boost for CLN's performance.

If you have installed the `gmp` library and its header file in some place where your compiler cannot find it by default, you must help `configure` by setting `CPPFLAGS` and `LDFLAGS`. Here is an example:

    $ CC="gcc" CFLAGS="-O2" CXX="g++" CXXFLAGS="-O2 -fno-exceptions" \
      CPPFLAGS="-I/opt/gmp/include" LDFLAGS="-L/opt/gmp/lib" ./configure --with-gmp

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## 2.3 Installing the library

As with any autoconfiguring GNU software, installation is as easy as this:

    $ make install

The ``make install`' command installs the library and the include files into public places (``/usr/local/lib/`' and ``/usr/local/include/`', if you haven't specified a `--prefix` option to `configure`). This step may require superuser privileges.

If you have already built the library and wish to install it, but didn't specify `--prefix=...` at configure time, just re-run `configure`, giving it the same options as the first time, plus the `--prefix=...` option.

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## 2.4 Cleaning up

You can remove system-dependent files generated by `make` through

    $ make clean

You can remove all files generated by `make`, thus reverting to a virgin distribution of CLN, through

    $ make distclean

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This document was generated by Richard B. Kreckel on October, 22 2005 using texi2html